After a few years, the module was modified and has been included in DHS for 23 countries to date. This technical note facilitates the exchange of knowledge on the impact of humanitarian crises on FGM and explores the adoption of the humanitarian-development nexus approach for FGM elimination. This should be kept in mind when interpreting all FGM/C prevalence data for this age group. Mothers may be reluctant to disclose the actual FGM/C status of their daughters for fear of repercussions, especially in countries where the practice has been the target of campaigns or legal measures to prohibit it. Protecting children in humanitarian action. The mother of a three-year-old girl has become the first person to be found guilty of female genital mutilation (FGM) in … Most FGM is Type 1 and Type 2 which is carried out on girls between the ages of 0 and 15 years (see By type). This is derived from self-reports. Updated January 2019 FOR MORE INFORMATION Data and Analytics Section - Division of Data, Research and Policy In most instances, the cut edges of the labia are stitched together, which is referred to as ‘infibulation’. Numerous factors contribute to the prevalence of the practice. Female Genital Mutilation is still practiced around the world. It's also known as female circumcision or cutting, and by other terms, such as sunna, gudniin, halalays, tahur, megrez and khitan, among others. Joint Programme on Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation: Accelerating Change, A Decade of Action to Achieve Gender Equality: The UNICEF Approach to the Elimination of Female Genital Mutilation, The Humanitarian-Development Nexus: The Future of Protection in the Elimination of Female Genital Mutilation, Gender Transformative Approaches for the Elimination of Female Genital Mutilation, Calling for the End of the Medicalization of Female Genital Mutilation, Female Genital Mutilation Country Profiles. The third and fourth rounds of MICS (mainly conducted in 2005–2006 and in 2009─2011) generated updated FGM/C data from 16 countries, including 7 with no prior data (Djibouti, the Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Iraq, Sierra Leone, Somalia and Togo). Subnational Under-five Mortality Estimates, 1990–2019. Female genital mutilation (FGM) refers to all procedures involving partial or total removal of the female external genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. Moreover, since FGM is regarded as a traditional practice prejudicial to the health of children and is, in most cases, performed on minors, it violates the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Prevalence data on FGM for girls and women aged 15 to 49 years and data on attitudes towards FGM are not available for Indonesia. 1, 2010. A key point to be kept in mind is that the prevalence data for girls aged 0 to 14 reflect their current, but not final, FGM/C status, since some girls who have not been cut may still be at risk of experiencing the practice once they reach the customary age. These accounted for 2,935 attendances2 reported at NHS trusts and GP practices where FGM was identified or a procedure related to FGM was undertaken.. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a practice that involves altering or injuring the female genitalia for non-medical reasons, and it is internationally recognized as a human rights violation. With FGM considered as a form of violence against women, the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women can be invoked. 2% of all women aged 15-49, but there are welcome signs that this is reducing in younger age- groups. Female genital mutilation (FGM) refers to “all procedures involving partial or total removal of the female external genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.”[1] FGM is a violation of girls’ and women’s human rights. Prevalence data on FGM for girls and women aged 15 to 49 years and data on attitudes towards FGM are not available for Indonesia. Regionally, the proportion of known values varies between 52% and 89%. The practice is also found in pockets of Europe and in Australia and North America which, for the last several decades, have been destinations for migrants from countries where the practice still occurs[8]. It's understandable that opponents of female genital mutilation (FGM) might feel discouraged as the new year gets underway. Over 4 million girls are at risk of undergoing FGM annually. Customize and download female genital mutilation (fgm) data. Typically, girls and women are also asked about the type of FGM/C performed, at what age they were cut and by whom. Survey data on the FGM/C status of only one daughter cannot be used to estimate the prevalence of FGM/C among girls under age 15. Trends in prevalence and attitudes are also presented. 2.4.4 The National Bureau of Statistics/BS/UNICEF, Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), 2016-17, February 2018 report is an international survey An interagency statement on FGM, issued by 10 UN organizations, was issued in 2008. First, prevalence can be compared from surveys in the same country from two (or more) points in time. [1] FGM is a violation of girls’ and women’s human rights. The practice is almost universal in Somalia, Guinea and Djibouti, with levels around 90 per cent, while it affects no more than 1 per cent of adolescent girls in Cameroon, the Maldives and  Uganda. 3 The Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003 was amended by sections 70-75, Serious Crime Act 2015. child abuse Usually it is a girl’s parents or her extended family who are responsible for arranging FGM. According to the statistics released by NHS Digital this week (July 23), there were 6,590 women and girls who either had a procedure to treat their FGM or were identified as having undergone FGM previously when they were treated between April 2019 and March 2020. Since 2008, UNICEF has worked in partnership with UNFPA on the Joint Programme on Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation: Accelerating Change. A new report from UNICEF analyses prevalence and trends in female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) in 29 countries. Some of the reasons given for the continued practice of FGM include; protecting Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a practice that involves altering or injuring the female genitalia for non-medical reasons, and it is internationally recognized as a human rights violation. Of those, the FGM happened in England in 145 cases. Despite being internationally recognized as a human rights violation, FGM has been performed on at least 200 million girls and women in 31 countries across three continents, with more than half of those cut living in Egypt, Ethiopia and Indonesia. Analysis of the data reflects current perspectives on FGM/C, informed by the latest policy, programmatic and theoretical evidence. Because FGM is a cultural practice, parents may find it difficult to decide against having their daughters cut for fear that their families will be ostracized or their girls deemed ineligible for marriage. At least 200 million girls and women alive today living in 31 countries have undergone FGM. Introduction In Wales, Health professionals use the All Wales Clinical Pathway – Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) when a new case of FGM is identified or suspected, in … The year 2019 commemorated the thirtieth anniversary of the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and celebrated the progress since that time. 2.4.3 Although against the law and in decline, FGM continues to be practiced in Nigeria. That said, these data must be analysed in light of the extremely delicate and often sensitive nature of the topic. Second, a trend analysis can examine FGM/C prevalence at one point in time across five-year age cohorts for girls and women aged 15 to 49. [5] Al-Hinai, H., ‘Female Genital Mutilation in the Sultanate of Oman’, January 2014. 6–11. Since age at cutting varies among settings, the amount of underestimation also varies. Over 4 million girls are at risk of undergoing FGM annually. 66, September–October 1991, ; Ghadially, R., ‘Update on Female Genital Mutilation in India’, Women’s Global Network for Reproductive Rights Newsletter, January−March 1992. Globally, it is estimated that some 200 million girls and women alive today have undergone some form of FGM. The first indicator for measuring FGM/C prevalence is the percentage of girls and women of reproductive age (15 to 49) who have experienced any form of the practice. Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) Enhanced Dataset Notes to editors . 93, no. With increased availability of nationally representative data on FGM/C, including repeat surveys in several countries, trends in the prevalence and attitudes towards the practice can be analysed. Nationally representative data on FGM/C are mainly available from two sources: Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS). Official Statistics Female Genital Mutilation January-March 2019 Cases of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) added to the FGM Enhanced Dataset collection platform between 1 January 2019 … [1] World Health Organization, Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation: An interagency statement, WHO, UNFPA, UNICEF, UNIFEM, OHCHR, UNHCR, UNECA, UNESCO, UNDP, UNAIDS, WHO, Geneva, 2008, p. 4. FGM is condemned by a number of international treaties and conventions, as well as by national legislation in many countries. With data generated from the latest household surveys (DHS and MICS), this tool supports analysis to further efforts of the UNFPA-UNICEF Joint Programme on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting. In November 2013, 18 religious leaders in Puntland signed a fatwa against FGM, which was witnessed by various ministers. Yet FGM can lead to serious health complications and even death. Most surveys include additional questions related to women’s – and in some cases men’s – attitudes surrounding FGM/C. Type III: Narrowing of the vaginal orifice by cutting and bringing together the labia minora and/or the labia majora to create a type of seal, with or without excision of the clitoris. Still, sustaining these achievements in the face of population growth presents a considerable challenge. However, not all countries have made progress and the pace of decline has been uneven. Girls subjected to FGM are also at increased risk of becoming child brides and dropping out of school, threatening their ability to build a better future for themselves and their communities. ... More than ever, the world needs reliable and trustworthy data and statistics to inform these important decisions. Sources: DHS, MICS, Health Issues Survey, Population and Health Survey and RISKESDAS, 2004-2018. In these contexts, however, the available evidence comes from (sometimes outdated) small-scale studies or anecdotal accounts, and there are no representative data as yet on prevalence. Over the last 10 years, UNICEF and ICF International have worked closely to standardize survey questions on FGM/C used in DHS and MICS. Similarly, defining it as a form of torture brings it under the rubric of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. The Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) Enhanced Dataset (SCCI 2026) supports the Department of Health's FGM Prevention Programme by presenting a national picture of the prevalence of FGM in England. [7] Kvello, A. and L. Sayed, ‘Omskjering av kvinner i de forente arabiske emirater—er klitoridektomi i tradisjonell praksis et overgrep mot kvinner?’ (Concerning Female Circumcision in the United Arab Emirates: Is clitoridectomy in a traditional context an assault against women? However, even these data need to be interpreted with a degree of caution. Where the practice is most prevalent, societies often see it as a rite of passage for girls. STORY Sep 16, 2019 Haruna Kashiwase. Girls’ and women’s attitudes about FGM also vary widely across countries. This factsheet sheds light on UNICEF’s multisectoral and holistic approach in implementing the FGM programme and the contribution towards its elimination. MICS surveys have a standardized module for female genital mutilation/cutting. Data on FGM/C inform policymakers of critically important variables in an effort to better understand the practice and develop policies for its abandonment. 9, no. This report is a comprehensive statistical overview of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) in the 29 countries where the practice is concentrated. Public Health Wales FGM Statistics Report April 2017 to March 2018 Date: May 2018 Version: Final Page: 4 of 16 1. (July 31, 2019) Despite laws against Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) being on the books in the United Kingdon (UK) since 1985, the first successful prosecution in the UK for FGM occurred in February 2019. There are 203 NHS trusts, 1,469 GP practices and 12 other organisations registered on the FGM Enhanced Dataset collection system. Female genital mutilation (FGM) refers to “all procedures involving partial or total removal of the female external genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.”. This technical note provides an overview of gender transformative approaches to ending FGM including programme strategies, reference tools and resources, and case studies. Global efforts have accelerated progress being made to eliminate FGM. UNICEF supports the development of policies and laws focusing on ending and outlawing FGM, and works to ensure their implementation and enforcement. New national legislation is being drafted and will go through a consultation phase with stakeholders during 2019. Receive the latest updates from the UNICEF Data team, : Monitoring the situation of children and women, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Female Genital Mutilation in Guinea-Bissau, Understanding the relationship between child marriage and female genital mutilation, Understanding the association between parental attitudes and the practice of female genital mutilation among daughters, A Profile of Female Genital Mutilation in Kenya, Female Genital Mutilation in the Middle East and North Africa, Female Genital Mutilation: A New Generation Calls for Ending an Old Practice, Female Genital Mutilation in Egypt: Recent trends and projections, A Profile of Female Genital Mutilation in Ethiopia, Female Genital Mutilation: Challenges & Solutions, Female Genital Mutilation Country Profiles, Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A global concern, No Time To Lose on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting. First published on Fri 1 Feb 2019 10.32 EST. However, FGM is a human rights issue that affects girls and women worldwide. Drawing on data from more than 70 nationally representative surveys over a 20-year period, the report finds that the practice has declined in a … A. Rouzi, ‘Sexual Function in Women with Female Genital Mutilation’, Fertility and Sterility, vol. Evidence suggests that FGM exists in places including Colombia[2], India[3], Malaysia[4], Oman[5], Saudi Arabia[6] and the United Arab Emirates[7], with large variations in terms of the type performed, circumstances surrounding the practice and size of the affected population groups. Exceptions include Egypt (DHS in 1995, 2000, 2003 and 2005), Sudan (DHS 1989─1990) and Yemen (DHS 1997), where the sample of respondents includes only girls and women aged 15 to 49 who have ever been married. 29/01/2019 Egypt - Ministry of Health launches a new campaign to combat FGM. The World Health Organization (WHO) classified FGM into four broad categories in 1995 and again in 2007: Type I: Partial or total removal of the clitoris and/or the prepuce. • There were 1,995 individual1 women and girls who had an attendance where FGM was identified in the period April 2019 to June 2019. In the 31 countries with nationally representative prevalence data, around one in three girls aged 15 to 19 today have undergone the practice versus one in two 30 years ago. Analysis of the data reflects current perspectives on FGM/C, informed by the latest policy, programmatic and theoretical evidence. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/female-genital-mutilation [3] Ghadially, R., ‘All for “Izzat”: The practice of female circumcision among Bohra Muslims’, Manushi, no. These accounted for 2,905 attendances2 reported at NHS trusts and GP practices where FGM was identified. In addition, women may be unaware that they have been cut or of the extent of the cutting, particularly if FGM/C was performed at an early age. If the eldest daughter was reportedly not cut, respondents were asked if they intended to have their daughter cut. Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A statistical overview and exploration of the dynamics of change, Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS). Fast decline among girls aged 15 to 19 has occurred both in countries where the practice was once nearly universal, such as Egypt and Sierra Leone, as well as countries in which the practice was limited to subnational populations, such as Benin and the Maldives. Some communities endorse it as a means of controlling girls’ sexuality or safeguarding their chastity. Fri 1 Feb 2019 14.38 EST. Several important factors should be considered when examining trends in the practice: More detailed discussion of data collection methodologies and assessment of trends related to FGM/C can be found in: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A statistical overview and exploration of the dynamics of change. Despite this, considerable challenges arise when examining trends, particularly when establishing a connection between programmatic activities and changes in prevalence levels over time. Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that “everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for health and well-being,” and this statement has been used to argue that FGM violates the right to health and bodily integrity. Founded in 2010 and registered as a charity in 2012, 28 Too Many aims to provide a strategic framework, 28 Too Many is an anti-female genital mutilation (FGM) charity, created to end FGM in the 28 African countries where it is practised and in other countries across the world where members of those communities have migrated. Type IV: All other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, for example: pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterization. A module on FGM/C was developed for the first time for the 1989–1990 DHS conducted in the northern part of what was then known as Sudan. 1, January 2011, pp. They provide figures on how widespread the practice of FGM/C is, when and how it is performed, and what women and men think about the practice. If global efforts are not significantly scaled up, the number of girls and women undergoing FGM will be higher in 2030 than it is today. In light of the International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), Hala Abou Zeid, Minister of Health, revealed in a press conference that Egypt is launching a new campaign on 6 February fighting FGM nationwide. Available data from large-scale representative surveys show that the practice of FGM is highly concentrated in a swath of countries from the Atlantic coast to the Horn of Africa, in areas of the Middle East such as Iraq and Yemen and in some countries in Asia like Indonesia and the Maldives, with wide variations in prevalence. Therefore, the data on prevalence for girls under age 15 is actually an underestimation of the true extent of the practice. While the exact number of girls and women worldwide who have undergone FGM remains unknown, at least 200 million girls and women have been cut in 31 countries with representative data on prevalence. Most FGM is Type 1 and Type 2 which is carried out on girls between the ages of 0 and 15 years (see By type). Only 71% of individual women and girls with FGM Type 4 have a subtype recorded. FGM is not endorsed by Islam or Christianity, but religious narratives are commonly deployed to justify it. However, the majority of girls and women in most countries with available data think FGM should end and there has been an overall decline in the prevalence of the practice over the last three decades, but not all countries have made progress and the pace of decline has been uneven. In most surveys, eligible respondents are all girls and women aged 15 to 49. From Uganda, where FGM was prohibited in 2010, came reports of 226 cases of FGM in December 2018 and January 2019 in the Sebei region. [6] Alsibiani, S. A. and A. Prevalence data on girls aged 0 to 14 can be used to assess the impact of recent efforts to end FGM/C since this is the age group most recently cut or at imminent risk of being cut. But as COVID-19 shutters schools and disrupts programmes that protect girls from this harmful practice, even more are likely to be cut in the coming years. The Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) Dashboard contains key information on FGM prevalence and practice. New official figures published today provide experimental statistics on female genital mutilation (FGM) in England, from April 2018 to March 2019. Cases of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) added to the FGM Enhanced Dataset collection platform between 1 July 2019 to 30 September 2019 in England. The new module asks all girls and women aged 15 to 49 about the FGM/C status of all of their daughters under age 15. Of those, 4,120 were new cases, meaning the victims appeared in the dataset for the first time, adding to the tens of … First, women may be unwilling to disclose having undergone the procedure because of the sensitivity of the topic or the illegal status of the practice in their country. It is clear from this Country Profile that Egypt has the potential to greatly reduce its FGM p revalence, but it will require total commitment 2.4.4 The National Bureau of Statistics/BS/UNICEF, Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), 2016-17, February 2018 report is an international survey This policy brief calls for attention to the increased level of medicalization of FGM – where the practice is performed by a health professional. In some countries, data have been collected through other nationally representative household surveys. By 2050, nearly 1 in 3 births worldwide will occur in the 29 countries in Africa and the Middle East where FGM/C is concentrated, and nearly 500 million more girls and women will be living in these countries than there are today. A new report from UNICEF analyses prevalence and trends in female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) in 29 countries. Female genital mutilation (FGM) data; keyboard_arrow_right Access all datasets . • There were 1,995 individual1 women and girls who had an attendance where FGM was identified in the period April 2019 to June 2019. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a procedure where the female genitals are deliberately cut, injured or changed, but there's no medical reason for this to be done. reference to the elimination of FGM, but a 2019 audit found that there hav e been significant problems related to the frameworks for implementation, oversight monitoring an d funding at the federal level. FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION/CUTTING: What might the future hold? Despite being internationally recognized as a human rights violation, FGM has been performed on at least 200 million girls and women in 31 countries across three continents, with more than half of those cut living in Egypt, Ethiopia and Indonesia. Introduction In Wales, Health professionals use the All Wales Clinical Pathway – Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) when a new case of FGM is identified or suspected, in … https://www.unicef.org/protection/female-genital-mutilation Prevalence of female genital mutilation in Nigeria 2013-2018, by area Attitudes towards female genital mutilation in Nigeria 2018, by circumcision status Share … Sources: DHS, MICS, Health Issues Survey, Population and Health Survey and RISKESDAS, 2004-2018. 22, no. Finally, current prevalence among girls and women aged 15 to 19 and ‘adjusted’ prevalence among girls aged 10 to 14 can be analysed. UNICEF’s global database for data on FGM. Starting in 1999, rather than asking about the eldest daughter, DHS and MICS began asking respondents whether any of their daughters had undergone FGM/C and, if so, how many of their daughters had been cut. 3, 2010, pp. Today, a girl is about one third less likely to be cut than she was 30 years ago. The last two decades saw a rise in birth registration levels globally with about 3 in 4 children under age 5 … However, the majority of girls and women think it should end in most countries with representative data on attitudes (23 out of 30). Drawing on history and best practices, the Joint Programme builds on resolutions from the UN General Assembly and the Human Rights Council to galvanize global momentum to eliminate FGM by 2030. This was followed by questions about the procedure (type, age at cutting and practitioner) for the daughter most recently cut. Two girls in the village of Malicounda Bambara, Senegal, celebrate the abandonment of FGM in several nearby villages. Approximately one in four FGM survivors – some 52 million women and girls worldwide – were cut by health personnel. This year, a mother from Uganda was sentenced to 11-years’ imprisonment for carrying out female genital mutilation (FGM) on her 3-year old daughter in the United Kingdom. [4] Dahlui, M., ‘The Practice of Female Circumcision in Malaysia’, paper presented at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, 10 May 2012, ; Rashid, A. K., S. S. Patil and A. S. Valimalar, ‘The Practice of Female Genital Mutilation among the Rural Malays in North Malaysia’, The Internet Journal of Third World Medicine, vol. Teenage girls pose for a portrait in southern Senegal, where more than 80 per cent of girls undergo FGM. Immediate risks include haemorrhage, shock, infection, urine retention and severe pain. The report of the regional figures comes after the NHS released nationwide statistics which revealed that between April 2018 and March 2019, 6,415 women and girls — an increase from 6,260 from the same period the year before — have been identified as victims of FGM. The first module on FGM/C was included in the 2000 MICS in the Central African Republic, Chad and Sudan. Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: What might the future hold? We also help to provide girls at risk of FGM, as well as FGM survivors, with access to suitable care, while mobilizing communities to transform the social norms that uphold the practice. These statistical profiles present the latest available data on female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) for 30 countries where FMG/C is concentrated. There is currently no national law in place banning FGM in Somalia. Updated January 2019 FOR MORE INFORMATION Data and Analytics Section - Division of Data, Research and Policy To address this limitation, MICS and DHS in 2010 introduced changes in the standard methodology used to collect information on FGM/C among daughters. Banning FGM in Somalia practice of FGM interagency statement on FGM, and works to ensure their implementation enforcement. 29 countries where the practice is most prevalent, societies often see it as means! 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